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Objective:To explore the mediating role of self-perceptions of aging between frailty and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:From February to July 2021, a total of 528 elderly people in Xinxiang community were investigated with the frailty phenotype, the brief self-perceptions ageing questionnaire and the Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) scale.According to the MMSE total score and education level, the subjects were divided into cognitive impairment group (illiteracy≤17, primary school≤20, junior high school and above≤24, n=74) and cognitive normal group( n=454). SPSS 25.0 software was used for common method deviation test, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, while AMOS 24.0 software was used to build structural equation model and Bootstrap method was used for intermediary effect test. Results:(1)The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in the community was 14.1%. The differences between the cognitively normal group and cognitively impaired group were statistically significant in terms of age, education, number of chronic diseases suffered and depression ( χ2=59.21, 6.53, 9.84, 25.47, all P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant in terms of frailty( χ2=75.65, P<0.001) and self-perceptions of aging ( t=77.67, P<0.001). (2)Self-perceptions of aging in the cognitively impaired group (47.39±8.66) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (38.22±8.24) ( t=77.67, P<0.001) .Frailty score in cognitively impaired group (2.00 (1.00, 3.00)) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (0.00 (0.00, 1.00))( Z=-8.63, P<0.001) . (3)Frailty was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.492, P<0.01), and positively correlated with self-perceptions of aging ( r=0.540, P<0.01). Self-perceptions of aging was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.541, P<0.01) . After controlling the influencing factors such as age, education level, chronic diseases and depression, the correlation was still significant (all P<0.01) . (4) Self-perceptions of aging played a partially mediating role in the relationship between frailty and cognitive function, the mediating effect accounted for 58.5% of the total effect. Conclusion:Frailty and self-perceptions of aging have a significant impact on the cognitive function of the elderly in the community, and self-perceptions of aging plays a partial intermediary role between the frailty and cognitive function of the elderly in the community.
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The dynamic changes of cognitive function has been paid more and more attention by foreign scholars.Dynamic assessment based on ecological momentary assessment(EMA)can capture subtle changes in cognitive function and provide more comprehensive information for early identification and timely intervention of people with cognitive impairment, which is an effective supplement to traditional cognitive assessment.This paper reviewed the concept of ecological momentary assessment, its advantages in cognitive assessment, its feasibility and effectiveness, and its application status in the evaluation of cognitive function in the elderly, so as to provide a reference for making ecological assessment of the cognitive function for older adults that is in line with China's national conditions.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop a Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing (HPAN) scale adapted to China and validate its psychometric properties. @*Methods@#The original HPAN scale was revised through a literature review. Sixteen experts who met the inclusion criteria were consulted 2 rounds by the Delphi method. According to their suggestions and opinions, the structure, content, and semantics of each item of HPAN were modified, and a HPAN scale was preliminarily developed. The HPAN scale was validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability. The data came from 406 first-class hospital nurses. @*Results@#A 5-dimension, 29-item HPAN scale demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The split-half reliability coefficient of the scale was .98, the split-half reliability coefficient of each dimension was .86–.99, Cronbach's α coefficient was .96, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was .87–.98. The model fit of the scale was good, and the items of the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. @*Conclusion@#The HPAN scale indicated that the reliability and validity were good. It is easy to imply factors of HPAN. This scale can be used to assess the HPAN.
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Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to develop a Humanistic Practice Ability of Nursing (HPAN) scale adapted to China and validate its psychometric properties. @*Methods@#The original HPAN scale was revised through a literature review. Sixteen experts who met the inclusion criteria were consulted 2 rounds by the Delphi method. According to their suggestions and opinions, the structure, content, and semantics of each item of HPAN were modified, and a HPAN scale was preliminarily developed. The HPAN scale was validated through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and reliability. The data came from 406 first-class hospital nurses. @*Results@#A 5-dimension, 29-item HPAN scale demonstrated satisfactory fit with significant factor loadings. The split-half reliability coefficient of the scale was .98, the split-half reliability coefficient of each dimension was .86–.99, Cronbach's α coefficient was .96, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was .87–.98. The model fit of the scale was good, and the items of the scale showed convergent and discriminant validity. @*Conclusion@#The HPAN scale indicated that the reliability and validity were good. It is easy to imply factors of HPAN. This scale can be used to assess the HPAN.
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OBJECTIVE: To measure the implicit attitude of nurses towards doctors and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 356 nurses were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. Their implicit attitude towards doctors was measured by Single Category Implicit Association Test. The related influencing factors were analyzed. RESULTS: The response time of nurses on incompatible tasks was higher than that on compatible tasks [(0.87±0.19) vs(0.76±0.15) s,P<0.01]. The median(M) of D value was 0.34. D value of junior college group was higher than that of undergraduate and above group(M: 0.40 vs 0.27, P<0.01). D value in the nurse group was higher than that in the nurse practitioner group and nurse-in-charge and above group(M: 0.43 vs 0.33, 0.43 vs 0.23, P<0.05). D value of the informal staff group was higher than that of the formal staff group(M: 0.35 vs 0.19, P<0.05). The results of ordered multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that establishment was an independent influencing factor of the implicit attitude of nurses towards doctors(P<0.05), after excluding the influence of confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The implicit attitude of nurses towards doctors is positive and mainly affected by the establishment.
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Objective To construct a three-dimensional finite element model to investigate the biomechanical mechanism of carotid blast injuries.Methods Based on the head and neck CT angiography data of a healthy male volunteer,the 3D geometric model was extracted by Mimics software.The 3D solid model was obtained by fitting the geometric model to the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) by Geomagic Studio software.The mesh of blood vessels,blood and soft tissue was divided by HyperMesh software to obtain the three-dimensional finite element model of the carotid artery.The material parameters and boundary conditions were set,and the vessel wall rupture damage threshold was 1 MPa.The dynamic process of carotid injury caused by MK3A2 grenade explosion shock wave at the distance of 60,70 and 80 cm to the neck was simulated using the LS-DYNA,generating the shock waveform and peak overpressure.The stress cloud map was used to analyze the stress distribution and damage morphology,and the stress curve was used to analyze the mechanical changes.Results The peak values of shock wave overpressure were 0.45,0.63 and 0.96 MPa at the distance of 80,70 and 60 cm away from the explosion center,respectively.At 80 cm,the peak stress of vessel wall was 0.43 MPa,and the vessel wall was not ruptured;at 70 cm,the peak stress of anonyma was greater than 1 MPa,which resulted in small rupture;at 60 cm,the peak stress of both anonyma the ascending aorta were greater than 1 MPa,leading to obvious rupture.The root part of the common carotid artery,anonyma and the arch of the aorta were high stress concentration areas,manifested as high-prevalence areas of damage and rupture.Conclusions The finite element model of explosive carotid artery injury is successfully constructed,which can be used to analyze the mechanical response and damage mechanism of carotid blast injuries.The main cause of injury and rupture is that the sudden change of stress in the process of explosion shock reaches or exceeds the threshold of vascular wall injury.Carotid artery rupture will occur when the vessel wall stress peak is greater than 1 MPa at 60 and 70 cm away from the explosion center,providing references for the clinical treatment and injury prevention.
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Objective To explore the effect of early administration of high-dose amino acids in parenteral nutrition for low birth weight infants of prematurity.Methods A total of 191 prematures admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2015 to December 2016 were selected,and they were randomly divided into the study group (n =110) and the control group (n =81).The starting amino acid dose was 1.8-2.5 g/(kg · d)and 1.0-1.5 g/(kg · d) in the study group and the control group,respectively.Lipids,glucose,and electrolytes in parenteral nutrition were applied according to standard protocol of the guideline.And the start of enteral feeding,the recovery of birth weight,the duration of parenteral nutrition,the time before total enteral nutrition,duration of hospital stay,incidence of respiratory distress syndrome,duration of mechanical ventilation and incidence of kaliopenia were compared between the 2 groups.Results The start of enteral feeding,the recovery of birth weight,the duration of parenteral nutrition,the time before total enteral nutrition in the study group were earlier than those in the control group [(3.83 ±3.15) d vs.(5.53 ±5.63) d,(15.47±10.54) d vs.(19.47 ± 14.57) d,(16.46 ± 10.33) d vs.(21.41 ±18.00) d,(6.36 ± 4.88) d vs.(8.48 ± 9.27) d],and the differences were all statistically significant (t =2.455,2.097,2.217,2.041,P =0.016,0.038,0.029,0.043).The duration of hospital stay was shorter and the hospitalization expenses were lower in the study group than those in the control group,but the differences were not significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group[20.91％ (23/110 cases) vs.35.80％ (29/81 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =5.223,P =0.022).The duration of mechanical ventilation in study group was shorter than that in control [(1.12 ± 2.62) d vs.(3.31 ± 8.13) d],and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.231,P =0.028).The incidence of kaliopenia in the study group was higher than that in the control group [30.91％ (34/110 cases)vs.17.28％ (14/81 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =4.603,P =0.032).There were not significant differences in terms of complications of necrotizing enterocolitis,sepsis,extrauterine growth retardation,hospital infection,metabolic acidosis,hyperglycemia,glucopenia,patent ductus arteriosus and respiratory distress syndrome between 2 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Early administration of high-dose amino acids in parenteral nutrition for preterm infants can result in earlier enteral nutrition,shorter parenteral nutrition duration without increasing incidence of complications and hospitalization expenses.
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Objective To study the protective mechanisms of lipoxin A 4 ( LXA4 ) for hyperoxia-induced lung injury through modulation of let-7c/TGF-β1 signal pathway in mice.Method MLE-12 cells was transfected with let-7c mimic, mimic negative control ( NC) , let-7c inhibitor and inhibitor NC.The cells were assigned into hyperoxia group , LXA4 group, let-7c over-expression group, let-7c silence group, let-7c silence+LXA4 group, and all exposed to 85% oxygen.The mRNA level of the extracellular matrixα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen Ⅰ( COL-Ⅰ) , and the expression of related genes in TGF-β1 signaling pathway (Smad 2, Smad 3, Smad 4, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2) were examined using qPCR.The protein expressions in TGF-β1 signaling pathway was examined using Western blot .Result The mRNA expressions of α-SMA, COL-Ⅰ, Smad 3, Smad 4, TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 in LXA4 group [(24.3 ±2.1), (14.6 ±0.2), (17.0 ±0.0), (14.9 ±0.1), (20.8 ±0.1), (9.0 ±0.0) ] and let-7c over-expression group [ ( 12.2 ±0.5 ) , ( 3.0 ±0.0 ) , ( 3.1 ±0.0 ) , ( 9.6 ±0.4 ) , ( 28.5 ±0.2 ) , ( 7.6 ± 0.1)] were decreased comparing with the hyperoxia group [(51.4 ±0.5), (32.0 ±0.1), (40.6 ±0.2), (16.3 ±0.1), (89.1 ±1.1), (19.3 ±0.2)].These expressions were increased in both let-7c silence group [(87.3 ±7.0), (38.5 ±0.3), (48.0 ±0.2), (56.5 ±0.2), (126.0 ±0.9), (33.1 ±1.0)] and let-7c silence +LXA4 group [(144.5 ±12.9), (86.3 ±3.0), (91.5 ±4.7), (86.5 ±3.3), (109.0 ±4.5), (45.6 ±1.6)].The protein levels of Smad 2, Smad 3, Smad 4, p-Smad 2, p-Smad 3 and TGF-βR1 of LXA4 group and let-7c over-expression group were decreased comparing with the hyperoxia group, while p-Smad 2, p-Smad 3 of let-7c silence+LXA4 group were increased(P<0.05).Conclusion LXA4 may play a protective role through let-7c /TGF-β1 signal pathway of lung epithelial cells for hyperoxia-induced lung injury in mice .
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Objective To establish the quality standard of flavone extracts in licorice residue; To provide the methods and basis for the quality control of total flavonoids extracted from licorice residue.Methods TLC was applied to compare the extracts with liquiritin and licorice; UV-spectrophotometry was used to measure the content of total flavones; EDTA-2Na titration was used to determine the content of calciumion.Results In the chromatogram of the test product, the spots of the same color were displayed on the corresponding position of the control medicinal material, and the fluorescent spots of the same color were displayed on the corresponding position of the control product. UV-spectrophotometry showed glycyrrhizin had a good linear relationship in the range of 3.32–9.96 μg/mL (r=0.9997), the absorbance between 0.3 and 0.7. The average recovery rate was 102.41% (RSD=3.22%), and the average content of total flavonoids in three batches of flavonoids extract was 8.82%. The average content of calciumion was 0.107% (RSD=3.61%).Conclusion This method has good repeatability, high sensitivity and accurate results, and can be used for the quality control of flavonoids in licorice residue.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on the lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) in mice with hyperoxia injury.Methods MLE-12 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into air group,air + LXA4 group,hyperoxia group and hyperoxia + LXA4 group.The receptor of LXA4 (ALX) was verified by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).MLE-12 cells were exposed to hyperoxia (＞ 850 mL/L oxygen concentration) for 12 h followed by pretreatment of 1 nmol/L,10 nmol/L and 50 nmol/L LXA4 for 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h.Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to analyze the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression to determine the optimal concentration and the optimal pretreatment time of LXA4.The cell morphology was observed by using inverted microscope.The survival rates and cell viability were determined by using Trypan Blue stain and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8).The superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was determined by using hydroxylamine method.The expressions of mRNA and protein of HO-1 were measured by using qRT-PCR,western blot and immunofluorescence assay,respectively.The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results ALX was expressed in MLE-12 cells.The optimal intervention concentration and time of LXA4 was 10 nmol/L for 12 h.Compared with air group [(84 ± 5) ％,1.22 ± 0.27,(5.33 ± 1.16) kU/L],the cell survival rate,viability and SOD level of hyperoxia group [(66 ± 8) ％,0.67 ± 0.21,(2.38 ± 0.65) kU/L] decreased,and the differences were significant (t =3.98,2.55,4.86;P =0.01,0.03,0.00);compared with the hyperoxia group,the cell survival rate,viability and SOD level of hyperoxia + LXA4 group [(88 ± 5) ％,1.43 ± 0.05,(6.50 ± 0.19) kU/L] significantly increased,and the differences were significant (t =4.83,3.52,6.78;P =0.01,0.02,0.00).The HO-1 mRNA and protein expression of hyperoxia group (0.57 ± 0.03,1.31 ± 0.11) increased as compared to air group (0.13 ± 0.03,0.24 ± 0.10),and the differences were significant (t =8.00,10.10;all P =0.00);the HO-1 expression of hyperoxia + LXA4 group (0.78 ± 0.08,1.82 ± 0.09) significantly increased as compared to hyperoxia group,and the differences were significant (t =3.94,8.82,all P=0.00).The levels of MCP-1 and IL-6 of hypemxia group [(1 025.18 ±35.51) rig/L,(1 136.65 ±160.01) ng/L] significantly increased as compared to air group [(467.63 ± 13.69) ng/L,(470.03 ± 118.22) ng/L],and the differences were significant (t =16.51,7.48;all P =0.00);the MCP-1 and IL-6 of hyperoxia + LXA4 group [(640.25 ± 61.03) ng/L,(655.48 ± 88.57) ng/L] significantly decreased as compared to hyperoxia group,and thedifferences were significant (t =11.40,5.40,all P =0.00).Conclusions LXA4 can attenuate hyperoxia-induced injury in MLE-12 cells.The protective role of LXA4 in the hyperoxia-induced cell injury is related to the up-regulation of HO-1 expression and down-regulation of IL-6 and MCP-1 levels.
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Objective:To observe the correlation between the B7 blocker,CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA-4Ig) impacting on Th17 and Treg cells expressed in the spleen of lupus mice and its intervention role in lupus-like symptoms of B6.MRL-Faslpr/J lupus mice.Methods:Sixteen 4-month-old female B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice were selected and randomly divided into treatment group ( groupⅠ) and control group ( groupⅡ);injected the same amount of CTLA-4Ig and PBS intra-venously,checked their 24 hour urine protein ,ANA antibody,ds-DNA antibodies before and after the intervention.Two weeks after the intervention ,detected serum IL-17A,and the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells in their spleen.Results:Two weeks after the last inter-vention,24-hour urine protein,serum ANA and ds-DNA in groupⅠdecreased,and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) compared with groupⅡ.Two weeks after the last intervention,serum IL-17A and the proportion of Th17 cells in the spleen in groupⅠwere lower than those in groupⅡ, but Treg cells in CD4+T lymphocytes was higher than that in groupⅡ,all the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05).Conclusion:CTLA4-Ig can relieve the lupus-like symptoms in lupus mice;raising the number of Treg cells and decreasing the number of Th17 cells may be one of the important mechanisms for CTLA-4Ig to alleviate lupus-like symptoms in B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the cytopathologic characteristics of cervical diseases in pregnant women and the outcomes of the postpartum women to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted among 2329 pregnant women undergoing routine gestational examinations between September, 2012 and September, 2013. The women with abnormal cytological findings by Thin-prep cytology test (TCT) were followed up and colposcopy and cervical biopsy were performed. The TCT results of these women were compared with those of 32 491 non-pregnant women in Zhongshan Cervical Cancer Mass Screening Program.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 2329 pregnant women, a total of 97 patients had abnormal TCT results (4.16%). Cervical biopsy were performed for 14 patients (14.43%), and 8 (57.14%) of them had evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cancer on biopsy. In the 32491 non-pregnant women in the mass screening program, 1383 (4.26%) women had abnormal TCT results and cervical biopsy were performed for 248 patients (17.93%), among whom 148 (59.68%) had evidence of CIN or cancer on biopsy. The rate of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was significantly higher in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women (P=0.033), but the total rate of cytological abnormalities were comparable between them (P=0.911). The patients with CIN had regular examinations during pregnancy and postpartum follow-up showed no invasive carcinoma.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pregnancy is not a risk factor to accelerate the progress of cervical lesions, and most of the cervical lesions are relieved or show no progression in the postpartum women, suggesting the feasibility of follow-up during pregnancy and postpartum reevaluation for patients with CIN in pregnancy.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Biopsy , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Diagnosis , Colposcopy , Cytodiagnosis , Mass Screening , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic , Diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , DiagnosisABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the clinicopathologic features of hereditary cutaneomucosal venous malformation (VMCM) in a Chinese family.MethodsFamily history was investigated in a family with VMCM,and tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of the proband and subjected to histopathological analysis.ResultsAmong 65 members from 5 generations of the family,19 were affected by VMCM,hinting an autosomal dominant inheritance.None of the family members experienced gastrointestinal bleeding,central nervous system disorders,or cardiac defects.Affected individuals usually presented with multiple irregularly sized,blue-violet,elevated and slightly indurated masses located in the oral mucosa and subcutaneous tissue of the extremities.Pathological analysis showed malformed veins with abnormally dilated cavities and irregularly thickened walls.Although small veins were abnormally proliferating and clustered,there was no endothelial discontinuity.The smooth muscle layer was thickned in a varying degree or absent.ConclusionA diagnosis of VMCM is made according to the inheritance manner,clinical manifestation and pathological findings.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) surgery, a minimally invasive surgery for treating patients with the stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods 28 cases with female stress uri-nary incontinence treated by TVT-O procedure from April 2006 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The follow-up time is from 4 to 24 months. Results The mean operation time was 23 min (rang 10～30 min) and the mean intraoperative bleeding was 24 ml (range 15～40 ml). An indwelling catheter had been used for 3 d because of urinary retention in 3 cases. 24 patients(85.7%)reached complete control after the surgery,effective control in 4 patients(14.35%). Conclusions TVT-O surgery is an effective, safe, minimally invasive management to treat the stress urinary incontinence.